Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process used to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project, plan, or policy before it is implemented. EIA aims to identify potential environmental impacts and develop strategies to mitigate or avoid them, ensuring that the project is environmentally sustainable and socially acceptable.
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By conducting an EIA, project developers can identify potential environmental impacts early in the planning process and implement strategies to reduce or avoid them. This helps to ensure that projects are environmentally sustainable and socially acceptable, and that they contribute to sustainable development.
Screening: determining whether an EIA is required for the proposed project, based on the scale, nature, and location of the project.
Scoping: identifying and defining the environmental factors that will be considered in the EIA and developing a plan for the assessment process.
Impact assessment: evaluating the potential environmental impacts of the proposed project, including direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts, and identifying strategies to mitigate or avoid them.
Mitigation and management: developing and implementing measures to mitigate or avoid identified environmental impacts, including monitoring and management plans.
Review and decision-making: reviewing the EIA report and the proposed project to make an informed decision on whether to approve, reject or modify the project based on the findings of the EIA.
Monitoring and evaluation: monitoring the implementation of the project and its environmental performance over time to ensure that the predicted impacts have been mitigated or avoided.